Capital gain

This one is not written up yet

The definition above is the short version. A full explanation — how it works, a worked example and the exam traps — is still being written. In the meantime the chapter below covers it in context.

Written up from the same chapter

• Credit riskThe risk that a borrower fails to meet its obligations on a debt instrument — the risk credit rating agencies exist to grade, and the one that triggers a segregated portfolio in a mutual fund.
• InflationA sustained general rise in the price level, which erodes what a rupee buys — and the reason a nominal return has to be deflated before it means anything.
• Interest rate riskThe risk that an investor in a debt instrument loses return because rates rise — existing instruments carrying the old, lower coupon fall in value until their yield matches the new market rate.
• LiquidityThe degree of ease with which you can turn an investment back into cash at a fair value — one of the three pillars of investing, alongside safety and return.
• Market riskThe risk of loss from movements in market prices — one named category in a manager's risk framework, alongside credit, liquidity and operational risk, and the one measured with VaR and stress tests.
• Real rate of returnThe return on an investment after the effect of inflation has been removed — what the money actually buys more of, as against the nominal percentage the product advertises.