Qualified audit report

This one is not written up yet

The definition above is the short version. A full explanation — how it works, a worked example and the exam traps — is still being written. In the meantime the chapter below covers it in context.

Written up from the same chapter

• ControlIn the beneficial-ownership tests, the right to appoint a majority of directors or to control management or policy decisions — the limb that catches an owner holding no shares at all.
• Core working capitalInventory plus trade receivables minus trade payables — the money permanently trapped in the operating cycle, stripped of cash and borrowings, which have nothing to do with trading.
• Diluted EPSEarnings per share recalculated as if every instrument that can convert into equity had already converted — the pessimistic, and usually the more honest, share count.
• EBITDAProfit from running the business, measured before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation — so before how the company is funded and how it accounts for its assets.
• Other Comprehensive IncomeGains and losses that Ind AS requires or permits to bypass the profit and loss account — they change shareholders' equity and never touch earnings per share.
• Quick ratioCurrent assets excluding inventory, divided by current liabilities — a stricter liquidity test than the current ratio, because inventory cannot reliably be turned into cash in a hurry.