Shell company

This one is not written up yet

The definition above is the short version. A full explanation — how it works, a worked example and the exam traps — is still being written. In the meantime the chapter below covers it in context.

Written up from the same chapter

• FATFThe intergovernmental body founded in 1989 that writes the global AML/CFT standards — the 40 Recommendations plus IX Special Recommendations — and grey-lists or black-lists countries that fail them.
• FIU-INDIndia's central national agency for receiving, processing, analysing and disseminating information on suspect financial transactions, set up in November 2004 and reporting to the Economic Intelligence Council.
• IntegrationThe final stage of money laundering — bringing the funds back out into the legitimate economy as property, business income or dividends that can be spent without attracting attention.
• LayeringThe second stage of money laundering — moving money through enough transactions, accounts and jurisdictions that the trail back to the original crime becomes impossible to follow.
• Money launderingTurning the proceeds of a crime into money that looks legitimate — classically in three stages, placement, layering and integration — and a standalone offence under section 3 of the PMLA.
• Mule accountAn account held in one person's name but effectively controlled by another — defined in the SEBI PFUTP Regulations and used to place criminal money without exposing whoever actually owns it.