Investment grade

This one is not written up yet

The definition above is the short version. A full explanation — how it works, a worked example and the exam traps — is still being written. In the meantime the chapter below covers it in context.

Written up from the same chapter

• CorrelationA measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, running from -1 to +1, and the single factor that determines how much risk diversification actually removes.
• Credit spreadThe extra yield a non-government borrower must pay over a government security of the same tenor — the market price of credit risk, quoted as an add-on over the risk-free rate.
• Differential Voting RightsEquity shares that carry less than one vote each, letting a company raise capital without diluting control — and letting an investor who does not want the vote buy the same economics at a discount.
• Government SecurityA tradeable debt instrument issued by the Central Government or a State Government — treated as free of default risk, and the benchmark against which other rupee interest rates are priced.
• Liberalised Remittance SchemeThe RBI facility letting a resident individual remit up to USD 250,000 per financial year abroad for any permissible current or capital account transaction, including investment in offshore funds.
• Market Linked DebentureA debenture whose return is linked to an underlying index or security rather than being a fixed coupon; since Section 50AA its gains are short-term capital gains taxed at slab, whatever the holding period.